Float Therapy: Definition, Benefits, & Side Effects

By Kelsey Schultz, Ph.D. Candidate
​Reviewed by Tchiki Davis, M.A., Ph.D.
Learn all about float therapy, its benefits, risks, and what a float therapy session is like.
*This page may include affiliate links; that means we earn from qualifying purchases of products.
There are a number of new methods that are being used to reduce stress. Float therapy is one of them. Indeed, floating in water can be a very relaxing experience. In this article, we’ll talk about what float therapy is, how it can be beneficial for well-being, and some mild side effects that can emerge during a float therapy session.
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What Is Float Therapy? (A Definition)

Float therapy, also known as sensory deprivation therapy or floatation therapy, is a relaxation technique that involves lying in a small, enclosed tank or room filled with a shallow pool of water that is saturated with Epsom salt. The high concentration of salt in the water allows the individual to float effortlessly, and the water is heated to skin temperature to eliminate the sensation of being in water. The tank or room is also designed to be completely dark, soundproof, and free of distractions to create an environment of complete relaxation and sensory deprivation (Kent, 2017).

Benefits of Float Therapy

There is evidence to suggest that float therapy may have a number of benefits, including:
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  • Reducing stress and anxiety: Several studies have found that float therapy can significantly reduce stress and anxiety in individuals (Feinstein et al., 2018; van Dierendonck & Te Nijenhuis, 2005). 
  • Improving sleep: Float therapy has been shown to improve sleep quality in individuals with insomnia (Norell-Clarke et al., 2022).
  • Promoting relaxation: Float therapy has been found to significantly increase feelings of relaxation in individuals (Jacobs et al., 1984).
  • Improving creativity: Float therapy has been shown to improve performance on tasks requiring creative problem-solving (Norlander et al., 1998).
  • Aiding in physical recovery from injuries: Some research suggests that float therapy may help to reduce muscle soreness and improve recovery following exercise (Broderick et al., 2019; Kjellgren et al., 2001).

Float Therapy for Couples

Float therapy can be a relaxing and enjoyable experience for couples. Some people choose to book a private float therapy room or tank specifically designed for couples, while others prefer to float separately in individual tanks.

One of the benefits of float therapy for couples is that it can provide an opportunity for both partners to relax and unwind together, without any distractions. The sensory deprivation environment of the float tank can help to create a sense of intimacy and connection, as couples are able to focus on each other and their surroundings without the distractions of everyday life.
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In addition to providing a chance for relaxation and bonding, float therapy may also have other potential benefits for couples. For example, float therapy may help improve communication and connection between partners, as the relaxation and sensory deprivation environment can facilitate deeper conversations and introspection.

Float Therapy Cost

The cost of float therapy can vary depending on where you live and the specific location or facility you go to. Some float therapy centers offer a range of pricing options, such as single sessions or packages of multiple sessions at a discounted rate.

In general, you can expect to pay anywhere from $50 to $100 or more for a single float therapy session. Some facilities may offer discounts for first-time clients, students, military personnel, or seniors. Some insurance plans may also cover float therapy as a form of alternative or complementary medicine, so it's worth checking with your provider to see if any part of the cost may be covered.

It's also worth noting that some float therapy centers offer membership programs, which can provide access to discounted rates on float sessions as well as other amenities and perks. These membership programs can be a good option for those who plan to use float therapy regularly.
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Overall, it's a good idea to research and compare the costs at different float therapy centers in your area to find the best option for your budget.

Float Therapy Side Effects

​Float therapy is generally considered to be a safe and well-tolerated relaxation technique. However, like with any therapy, there are some potential side effects to be aware of.

Dizziness or disorientation
One potential side effect of float therapy is dizziness or disorientation (Leiderman et al., 1958). This may be more likely to occur if you are not used to the sensation of floating or if you have a history of motion sickness. It is important to listen to your body and stop the session if you are feeling dizzy or uncomfortable.

Dry skin or irritation
Another potential side effect is dry skin or irritation. This can be caused by the high concentration of Epsom salt in the water, which can be drying to the skin. It is recommended to shower after your float session and to moisturize your skin to prevent dryness or irritation.

Hallucinations
It is also possible to experience hallucinations or altered states of consciousness during float therapy, due to the sensory deprivation environment (Schulman et al., 1967). These experiences are typically temporary and not harmful, but it is important to be aware that they can occur.
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Overall, float therapy is considered to be a safe and effective relaxation technique, with a low risk of side effects. However, it is always a good idea to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new therapy or treatment.

Video: Testing Flotation Therapy

Float Therapy When Pregnant

It is generally safe for pregnant women to try float therapy, as it is a non-invasive and gentle form of relaxation. However, it is important for pregnant women to consult with their healthcare provider before starting any new therapy or treatment, including float therapy.
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There are a few considerations to keep in mind if you are pregnant and considering float therapy:
  • The sensory deprivation environment of the float tank may cause some pregnant women to feel anxious or claustrophobic. If you have a history of anxiety or claustrophobia, or if you are prone to panic attacks, float therapy may not be the best option for you.
  • The high concentration of Epsom salt in the water may cause some dryness or irritation to the skin. It is important to moisturize your skin after your float session to prevent dryness or irritation.
  • Some pregnant women may experience dizziness or disorientation during float therapy due to the sensation of floating or the change in blood pressure. It is important to listen to your body and stop the session if you are feeling dizzy or uncomfortable.

Does Float Therapy Work?

As noted above, there is evidence to suggest that float therapy may be effective for a number of different purposes, including relieving stress and anxiety (Feinstein et al., 2018; van Dierendonck & Te Nijenhuis, 2005), improving sleep (Broderick et al., 2019), and promoting relaxation (Jacobs et al., 1894). Float therapy has also been shown to improve cognition and creativity (Norlander et al., 1998) and to aid in physical recovery from injuries (Broderick et al., 2019;  Kjellgren et al., 2001).
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However, it is important to note that although float therapy seems to be beneficial for reducing stress and improving well-being and performance in many people (Dierendonck & Te Nijenhuis, 2005), it is not effective for everyone. If you are seeking to treat existing physical or mental health issues, it is important to check with your doctor before trying float therapy.   

Float Therapy for Anxiety

Studies examining the effects of float therapy on physiological and psychological symptoms of anxiety show that float therapy can be an effective treatment method. For example, one study evaluating the efficacy of float therapy for reducing anxiety in a group of people with clinically diagnosed anxiety or depression who exhibited a heightened sensitivity to anxiety demonstrated reduced muscle tension, blood-pressure, and feelings of anxiety, and increased feelings of relaxation and serenity (Feinstein et al., 2018). The authors of this study suggest that float therapy may function to reduce anxiety by promoting focus on bodily sensations such as heartbeat. In other words, exclusive focus on how your body feels may serve to promote relaxation. Overall, float therapy appears to be a promising option for reducing anxiety, although more research is needed to fully understand its effectiveness.

Example Float Therapy Session

A float therapy session typically lasts for 60-90 minutes. Here is an example of what a float therapy session might look like:
  1. Upon arrival at the float therapy center, you will be greeted by the staff and given a brief orientation to the facility and the float tank.
  2. You will be shown to a private room or shower area where you can change into a swimsuit or disposable underwear provided by the center.
  3. You will be given earplugs to wear during the session to keep the water out of your ears.
  4. You will be guided to the float tank, which is typically a small, enclosed space filled with a shallow pool of water that is saturated with Epsom salt. The water is heated to skin temperature and the tank is designed to be completely dark and soundproof.
  5. You will be given a brief demonstration on how to use the float tank, including how to get in and out of the tank and how to adjust the lighting and music inside the tank.
  6. You will be left alone in the tank to float and relax. You can choose to close the tank's door or leave it open, depending on your preference.
  7. During the session, you can choose to focus on your breath or listen to guided meditation or music provided by the center. You can also simply relax and let your mind wander.
  8. When the session is over, you will be signaled by the center staff to exit the tank.
  9. After the session, you will be given a shower to rinse off the Epsom salt and a towel to dry off.
  10. You will then have the opportunity to relax in a quiet area or have a post-float debrief with the center staff.

​Overall, the goal of a float therapy session is to provide a relaxing and sensory-deprived environment for you to unwind and recharge. The specific details of the session may vary depending on the specific float therapy center you go to.

How To Make The Most of a Float Therapy Session

To make the most of float therapy, it is important to follow a few tips:
  1. Arrive at the float therapy center well-hydrated and well-fed. It is a good idea to drink plenty of water and have a light meal before your session to ensure that you are comfortable during the float.
  2. Take a shower before entering the float tank. This will help to rinse off any lotions, oils, or perfumes that could interfere with the float experience.
  3. Bring earplugs to use during the session. The water in the float tank is saturated with Epsom salt, which can be drying to the ears. Wearing earplugs can help to keep the water out of your ears and prevent discomfort.
  4. Use the float tank as an opportunity to relax and let go of any distractions or worries. It can be helpful to set an intention for the float before getting in the tank, such as focusing on your breath or letting go of stress.
  5. If you are feeling anxious or claustrophobic, it is important to listen to your body and stop the session if necessary. It is also a good idea to inform the center staff of any concerns or issues you may have before the session.
  6. After the float, take a shower. Rinse off the Epsom salt and moisturize your skin to prevent dryness or irritation. 
  7. After the float, drink water. It is also a good idea to drink plenty of water to rehydrate.

​By following these tips, you can make the most of your float therapy experience and get the most out of the session.

Articles Related to Float Therapy

Want to learn more? Here are some related articles that might be helpful.

Books Related to Float Therapy

To keep learning, here are some books to explore:​​

Final Thoughts on Float Therapy

There are a number of reasons why someone might choose to try float therapy, including to reduce stress and anxiety (Feinstein et al., 2018; van Dierendonck & Te Nijenhuis, 2005), improve sleep quality (Norell-Clarke et al., 2022), promote relaxation (Jacobs et al., 1984), improve creativity (Norlander et al., 1998), and aid in physical recovery from injuries (Broderick et al., 2019;  Kjellgren et al., 2001). The sensory deprivation environment of the float tank can help to calm the mind, relax the body, and promote a feeling of well-being, which can be beneficial for a variety of purposes. It is always a good idea to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new therapy or treatment. For more information on float therapy, check out this video:

Video: What is Float Therapy? Explained in Three Minutes

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